高中英语强调句型的用法

一夕半夏

一. 句式特征：Is/ Was it +被强调部分+ that…；

•         1．（1994 上海）Was it in 1969 ____ the American astronauts succeeded ___ landing on the moon ?

•         A. when; on   B. that; on   C. when; in   D. that; in

•         简析]：比较It was in 1969 that the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 我们不难看出该题干实质上是该陈述句的一般疑问句形式。答案选D。

•         2．Could it be in the restaurant in ____ you had dinner with me yesterday ____ you lost your handbag?

A. that; which    B. which; that    C. where; that    D. that; where

•         这是一个含有情态动词的强调句型的一般疑问句形式，第一空格所在的句子成分应为定语从句，结合介词in应用关系代词which；第二个空格所在部分应为强调句型中的that分句。故答案为B。

二、  结合特殊疑问词构成特殊疑问句形式。

•         句式特征：特殊疑问词+is/was it that…？

•         3．_______ is it _______has made Peter _______he is today?

•         A. What; that; that           B. That; that; what

•         C. What; what; that          D. What; that; what

•         [简析]：本题结构复杂，乍看难以理清，请看下面两句：

•         It is determination that has made Peter what he is today.

•         对划线部分提问→What is it that has made Peter what he is today?

•         对照原题，则答案为D。

•         依此为据扩展开来可为：

•         4．How is it that she turned down our help? 什么原因使得…？

•         5．Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?  究竟在哪…？

•         6．When was it that you met him in the park?  究竟何时…？

•         7．When and where was it that you got to know Mary? 究竟在何时何地…？

•         8．Who was it that that came up with the bright idea? 究竟是谁…？

•         9．Which book is it that you want to buy? 究竟是哪一本书…？

•         10．Whose umbrella was it that you took away? 到底是谁的伞…？

•         三、 强调句型的反意疑问句形式

•         句式特征为：It is/was+被强调部分+that…，isn’t / wasn’t it？

•         11．It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, ______?

•         A. do they    B. didn’t they   C. wasn’t it   D. was it

•         [简析]：答案C. 此种情况下疑问句中的主语应与强调句型中的主语it保持一致，不能和被强调部分中的名词或代词保持一致，并要遵守“前肯定后否定”的原则。

•         四、强调句型的感叹句形式。

•         句式特征为：what/ how … it is (that) +主语+谓语！

•         12．What a beautiful picture it is (that) you have drawn!

•         13．How beautiful it is (that) your daughter is!

•         五、强调句型的“让步含义”。

•         句式特征为：含有“让步含义”的强调句型在翻译成汉语时要注意“反译”。

•         14．It is a wise father that knows his own child.

•         再英明的父亲也不会理解他自己的子女。（莎士比亚名言）

•         15．It is a wise man that never makes mistakes.

•         再聪明的人也会犯错误。

六、在强调句型中考察主谓一致与比较结构。

•         在强调句型中，有时也考察用rather than，not …but…等连接的平行对比结构，此时既要注重比较结构，又要注意主谓一致，属于较复杂的句式。

•         句式特征为：

•         It is/was not…but…that… ;

•         不是…而是…（that后的动词与but后的名词或代词保持一致）

•         It is /was … not … that… ;

•         或者：It is/was…that… not …;

•         是…而不是…（that后的动词应与not前的名词或代词保持一致）

•         It is/was … rather than… that… ;　

•         是…而不是… ( that后的动词应与rather than前的名词或代词保持一致)

•         16．It is not help but obstacles that make a man.

•         [简析]：本句译为“使人成才的，不是助力，而是阻力”。注意obstacles和make形成主谓一致关系。

•         17．Personally I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, ______ to blame.

•         A. is             B. that is          C. are            D. who are

•         [简析]：此句被强调部分中的the sales manager，通过rather than与the sales girls形成比较结构，再考虑到主谓一致的原则，应选B。

•         18．(NMET 2000, 24) It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you

•         come from or what you are.

•         A. one            B. that            C. what          D. it

•         [简析]：本题答案选B。在本题中被强调部分the ability to do the job 与 not where you come from or what you are形成比较结构，the ability to do the job与matters形成主谓一致关系。当然本题还可说成：It is the ability to do the job not where you come from or what you are that matters. 但这样就显得句子重心不稳，结构不合理。

•         19．It is the prevention of disease rather than its successful treatment that has led to the rapid increase of the world’s population.

•         [简析]：本句中被强调部分为对比结构，含义为“导致世界人口快速增长的原因是对疾病的预防而非对疾病的成功治疗。”当然has led to的主语应是the prevention of disease。

七、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合。

•         句式特征:  It may be+ 被强调部分+ that …

•                   It must have been+被强调部分+ that …

•         Would/ Could it be +被强调部分+that…?

•         20．It might have been John ______bought a new book for Mary yesterday.

•         A. what     B. since    C. that    D. then   

•         该题答案为C，许多考生误选其他的原因在于be的复杂化而看不出本句为强调句型。再如：

•         21．It may be next week that she leaves for Tokyo.

一夕半夏

八、强调句型和名词性从句的结合。

•         句式特征为: 整个强调句型用作名词性从句;

•                    或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。

•         22． I’ve already forgotten _________you put the dictionary.

•         A. that it was there               B. where was it that

•         C. that where it was              D. where it was that

•         [简析]：本题是经过变形的强调句型用作宾语从句的体现，为了更好地理解，我们分三步对其进行讨论。

•         第一步，复原→It was on the desk that I put the dictionary.

•         第二步，对划线部分提问→Where was it that you put the dictionary?

•         第三步，变为陈述语序，将其用作forgotten的宾语从句则变为：

•         I’ve already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.

•         与原题对比，答案应为D。

•         再看一个强调句型中含有同位语从句的例子：

•         23．It was at the very beginning ____Mr. Fox made the decision _____ we should send more firefighters there.

•         A. when; which    B. where; what    C. then; so     D. that; that

•         [简析]：本题答案为D。 第一个that为强调句型中的that；第二个that引导同位语从句，说明the decision的内容。

九、强调句型和定语从句的结合。

•         句式特征为:  在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。

•         24． It was in the small house _____was built with stones by his father ____he spent his childhood.

•         A. which; that    B. that; where     C. which; which    D. that; which

•         [简析]：本题含义为“是在这间小房子里他度过了童年”，the small house作先行词，其后的定语从句缺做主语的关系代词；第二空所缺的应是强调句型中的结构词that, 故答案选A。再如：

•         25． It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he ought to have spent doing his lessons.

•         [简析]：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。

•         26．Is _____three hours ______the boy _______family is poor to come to school on foot?

•         A. it; that; whose                  B. it; that it takes; whose

•         C. it for; that it takes; whose         D. it; when; that;

•         [简析]：本题结构复杂，是定语从句、强调句型的一般问句形式和句式It takes sb some time to do sth.的糅合。我们也分几步来看这个句子：

•         第一步：基本句式It takes the boy three hours to come to school on foot.

•         第二步：以the boy为先行词，后面附上定语从句，则变为：

•         It takes the boy whose family is poor three hours to come to school on foot.

•         第三步：用强调句型对上句中的划线部分进行强调，则变为：

•         It is three hours that it takes the boy whose family is poor to come to school on foot.

•         第四步：将上句变为一般疑问句即是该题，经对比可知答案应为B。

十、强调句型和（not）……until句型的结合。

•         句式特征为:

•         It is/ was until +被强调部分+that +延续动词

•         It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+短暂动词

•         如：用强调句型对I didn’t leave until it got dark.中的划线部分进行强调，则变成：

•         27． It was not until he came back that I knew the result.

•         [简析]：注意此种情况下否定词not要从原题的主句上转移到被强调的从句上，这也是否定转移的一种形式。

•         28． It was until last year that he ________________________.

•         A. left school for a new start

•         B. came to realize the importance of learning English

•         C. worked as an English teacher at a middle school

•         D. set out to build a new house of his own

•         [简析]：本题不含否定词not，四个选项中只有C项中的动词work为延续性动词，答案C。

十一、强调句型的省略形式。

•         句式特征为: 在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略。作题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。

•         29．——Who is making so much noise in the garden?

•         ——_________  the children.

•         A. It is          B. They are      C. That is       D. There are

•         [简析]：强调句型在具体的语境中省略，其完整形式应是：It is the children who are making so much noise in the garden.。答案为A。

•         30．——He was nearly drowned once.

•             ——When was _______?

•         ——____ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.  

•         (NMET 2002北京春季，30)

•         A. that; It         B. this; This          C. this; It       D. that; This

•         [简析]：在第三句话中when he was in middle school.为定语从句，修饰1998，

•         其后省去了that he was nearly drowned once. 此题如把关系副词when 也挖空，则很容易误选that。

十二、强调句型的形近句型。

•         (1)  It be +被强调部分+that+… 是强调句型。去掉it，be，that后，剩余部分仍能组成一个完整的句子。如：

•         31．It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions. 本句去掉it，be，that后可转化成：Probably due to these skills they have been offered a wide variety of positions.

•         (2)  It+ be+ adj. / n. / 过去分词+that从句句型。该句型中的It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语从句。如：

•         32． It is important that he (should) learn English well.

•         33． It is a fact that he can speak both English and Japanese.

•         34． It is suggested that he leave his office right now.

•         (3) “It be +时间段+since……”句型。如果since和延续性动词连用，则意为“某人不做某事已有多久了”；如和短暂动词连用，则为“某人做某事已有多久了”。如：

•         35． It is two months since he fell ill.  他病了两个月了。

•         36． It is two months since he was ill.  他病好已经两个月了。

•         （4）It be+时间段+before……句型  表示“……多久后某事发生”。

•         37． It was a long time before they met again. 很长时间后他们才见面。

•         38． It was not long before he came back.   时间过不久他们就回来了。

•         （5）“It be…when……”句型  表示“某事发生时正是……时候”

•         39． It was 1949 when the PRC was founded. 试比较强调句型句：

•         40． It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded. (去掉it，was，that后仍是一个完整的句子)