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  ◆ catch sb.doing sth;  be (get) caught in sth.  ◇ catch sb.doing sth.作“碰(遇)上某人正在做某事”解。例如:  The policeman caught two men fighting in the street.警察碰见两个人在街上打架。  The man was caught stealing the apples.那人偷苹果时,被当场发现。  ◇ be (get) caught in sth.“遇上……而受阻”之意。例如:  I got caught in the traffic.我因交通堵塞而受阻。  I was caught in a storm on my way to school.我在去学校的路上遇到了暴雨。  ◆ care about; care for; care; care to ◇ care about“关心;计较;在乎”,指由于某事重要,或因责任所在而关心计较,一般用于否定句。如: He doesn't care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。 I don't care about going there.去不去那里,我无所谓。 ◇ care for“关心;照料;喜欢;愿意”。作“关心;照料”讲,一般用于肯定句或疑问句。如: Who will care for your children when you are away﹖ 你离开期间谁照顾你的孩子? How the Party cares for us!       党是多么关心我们啊! Would you care for a walk? 你愿意去散步吗? He cares more for fine new clothes than for anything else. 他喜爱漂亮的新衣胜于其他的一切。 ◇ care还可作及物动词,但其后通常接从句。如: I don't care who you are.我不管你是谁。 I don't care what you say.不论你说什么,我都不在乎。 ◇ care to“愿意,欲望”,后接动词原形。如: I don’t care to go there.我不愿意去那里。  ◆ carry off; carry away; carry out ◇ 表示“运走”;“掠走”,用carry off或carry away均可。但两者也有不同之处:carry off可表示“夺得”某种奖赏;carry away可表示“吸引住”。如: After destroying the village, the enemy carried off/away all the cattle. 在毁掉村子之后,敌人把牲畜都掠走了。 I carried off the first prize.我获得了头等奖。 We were carried away by her songs.她的歌声令我们浑然忘我。 ◇ carry out的意思是“搬出(某物)”;“履行(计划或义务等)”。如: Would you please carry out the desk into the garden﹖ 请你把桌子搬到花园里去好吗? You must carry out your duty. 你必须履行你的职责。  ◆ carry out; carry on ◇ 注意两者的区别:carry out意为“执行、实行”;carry on表示“(继续)进行、进行下去”,强调坚持。如: The group of soldiers carried out a secret military action the other day.  几天前,这群士兵执行了一次秘密的军事行动。 Comrades in Germany were carrying on a heroic fight against war under conditions of fascism at that time.  那时,在德国的同志正在法西斯的统治区进行一场英勇的反战斗争。 ◆ cause; reason; excuse  ◇ cause意为“起因”、“原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。如:  I don’t know the cause and effect.我不知道此事的前因后果。  The cause of the fire was carelessness.失火的原因是粗心大意。  ◇ reason意为“理由”、“原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。如:  There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。  Tell us your reason for changing the plan.告诉我们你改变计划的原因。  ◇ excuse指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”也就是我们常说的“借口”。如:  Too much work is no excuse for absence.工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。  I haven’t done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。  ◆ cheer/greet/welcome◇ cheer意为“欢呼”,侧重表示高声呼叫以示欢迎,强调气氛的活跃,常含鼓励之意。如:       The boys cheered their football team.孩子们为他们的足球队喝彩。◇ greet表示用语言、行动等“迎接”,常含“友好、热情、亲切”之意。如:       We greeted our guests at the gate. 我们在大门口迎接客人。◇ welcome常表示“欢迎新人、新事、新主张”等。如:      We welcome the new ideas. 我们欢迎新思想。  ◆ clear away, clear up, clear off ◇ clear away表示“清除掉”、“收拾掉”、“散掉”、“消散”;clear up表示“露出(喜色)”、“(天气)放晴”、“清理”、“整理”;clear off表示“走开”、“离开”。  [EXERCISES]  1) We must ____ such ideas among ourselves. 2) She ____ her desk before she moved to another school. 3) The sky looks as if it would ____ soon. 4) ____ before I call the police. 5) His face ____ when he read the letter. Key: 1) clear away   2) cleared up  3) clear up   4) Clear off   5) cleared up  ◆ close;closely ◇ close, closely这两个词都可以用作副词,close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”,closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。如:  1) I went closer, and saw clearly a tall man in the moonlight.  2) Come close, I want to tell you something important.  3) The policeman followed the strange man closely.  4) The scientists got closely in touch with the astronauts.  ◆ come up; come on; come out ◇ come up常表示位置“上升”;从水中或 土中“冒出”;芽苗等“长出”;“引起注意、被提出”等。如: The seeds haven’t come up.       种子还没发芽。        Your question came up at the meeting.你的问题在会上被提出来讨论。 ◇ come on 常用来催促别人,意为“加油、加快”,也可表示“来临、袭击”。如:        I can feel a headache coming on.我觉得头痛了。 ◇ come out常表秘密等“传出、被获悉”,书籍等的“出版”;“结果是”。如:        When will her new book come out﹖  她的新书什么时候出版?        The answer to the math problem came out wrong. 这道数学题的结果错了。 ◆ complete; finish  ◇ finish是普通用语,用得比较广泛,可作及物动词或不及物动词,多用来指“完成”一项任务或活动,后面可接名词、代词或-ing,不接不定式。例如:  Have you finished your work﹖  你的工作完成了吗?  He finished writing the letter last night.这封信他是昨晚完成的。  ◇ complete一般用作及物动词,用法较正式,通常用来表示完成某个计划、理想、事业、工程、建筑、书籍及作品等,后面可接名词或代词,不接-ing或不定式。例如:  He’s never completed a project on time.            他从未按时完成过计划。  The bridge is not completed yet.         这座桥至今尚未完工。  ◇ 表示完成学业、精细的工作、吃完某物及在被动结构中表示“一切都完了;没希望了”等意时,均用finish。例如:  He finished school in 1991.        他1991年从学校毕业。  The wood-work is beautifully finished.          这件木器做得很精细。  注意:complete a book的意思是“写完一本书”;finish a book意为“看完一本书”。  ◆ common ordinary general  都含“普通的”意思。 ◇ common强调“常见的”、“ 不足为奇的”,       如:Colds are common in winter.感冒在冬天很常见。 Ø ordinary强调“平常的”、“平淡无奇的”,        如:His ordinary supper consists of only bread and milk. 他通常的晚餐不过是面包和牛奶。 ◇ general意为“普遍的”、“一般的”,       如:This book is intended for the general reader, not for the specialist.           这本书是为一般读者写的, 不是为专家写的。 Ø normal指“正常的”、“正规的”、“常态的”,     如:the normal temperature of the human body           人的正常体温 ◆ compare…with; compar…to; compared with/to  ◇ compare…with意为“把……与……相比”,侧重指两者间的区别。 如:Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them.  把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较,你就会发现它们之间的区别。  ◇ compare…to…意为“把……比作……”,着重注意两者间的相似点。如:  This song compares our country to a big family.这首歌把我们的国家比作一个大家庭。  ◇ compare既可以单独用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,以compare with…形式出现,表示“与……相比”。如:  Living here can’t compare with living in Shanghai.在这儿生活不能和在上海(生活)相比。  If you compare the two words, you can tell the difference between them. 如果你比较这两个单词,你就会辨别出它们之间的不同。  ◇ compared with…和compared to…都可用作状语,意义基本相同,可互换。如:  Compared to/with him, you are lucky.        与他相比,你是幸运的。  It was a small town then, compared to/with what it is now. 和现在比起来,那时它还是个小镇。  ◆ cover; interview ◇ 两者都可用作动词,意为“采访”,cover的宾语是事情;interview的宾语是人。如: Reporters are then sent to cover the events.然后记者们就被派去采访这些事件。 He interviewed five people in the morning.他上午采访了五个人。  ◆ country; nation; state; land  ◇ country意为“国家;国土”,侧重指版图;疆域。如:  China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。  注意:country含义广泛,适合各种文体,也可代替本组中的任何一个词,有时作“祖国”解,带有感情色彩。如:  After many years abroad, he wanted to return to his country.在国外呆了多年后,他想回到自己的祖国。  Some parts of this country (land) are much warmer than others.该国某些地区的气候较其他地区温暖得多。  ◇ nation意为“民族;国家”,侧重指人民;国民;民族。如:  The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news.听到这一噩耗,全国人民悲痛万分。  注意:在国际交往等正式场合,nation语体庄重,比country常用。如:  the United Nations (UN)        联合国                        the law of nations  国际公法  a most favored nation  最惠国  Trade between nations is much better than war.国与国之间进行贸易往来比兵戎相见好得多。  ◇ state意为“国家;政府”,侧重指政权;政体。如:  In our country, railways are state-owned. 在我国铁路为国家所有。 ◇ land意为“国土;国家”,带有感情色彩,多用于文学作品中。如:  This is my native land.I’ll defend it with my life! 这是我的祖国,我要用自己的生命保卫她!  ◆ cross; across; crossing  ◇ cross作动词用时,意思是“横过”。如:  They are crossing the river. 他们正在过河。  The idea has just crossed my mind.  这个主意是我刚才想到的。  cross作名词用时,指“十字形的东西”。  ◇  across可作介词或副词,意为“横穿,横过”。如:  They pushed the cart across the bridge. 他们推着车过桥。  The post office is across the street.邮局在街道对面。  ◇ crossing意为“横穿,交叉,十字路口,人行横道”。如:  They are standing at a crossing.他们正站在十字路口。  ◆ cut off; cut up; cut through ◇ cut off表示“隔绝”、“断绝”、“(电路)切断”、“剪下”、“砍掉”;◇ cut up表示“切割开来”、“切碎”、“使难过”;◇ cut through表示“凿穿”、“穿过”、“穿透”。  [EXERCISES]  1) The building ____ our view. 2) We are going to ____ the mountain to build a free way here. 3) She _____ the cake and gave each of us a piece. 4) He ____ some flowers from the bush. Key: 1) cut off   2) cut through   3) cut up    4) cut off      |