定语从句及练习

Owen刘

        一、关系词

    引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when等。

        二、关系代词的用法

    1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。

    Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.

    2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。

    The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.

    3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。有时可用who代替whom

    The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.。

    （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。

    This is the house in which we lived last year.

    （2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。

    This is the person whom you are looking for.

    （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。

    The city that she lives in is very far away.

    （4）关系词只能用that的情况：

    a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.

    He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

    b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：

    Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？

    c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.

    This is the same bike that I lost.

    d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.

    I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

    e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.

    Who is the girl that is crying？

    f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.

    There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.

    （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：

    a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.

    What‘s that which is under the desk？

    b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.

    This is the room in which he lives.

    c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.

    Tom came back， which made us happy.

五关系副词

    （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。

    This was the time when he arrived.

    （2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。

    This is place where he works   

  

    1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？

    -Yes， he‘s our headmaster.

    A. he B.  who   C. which   D. whom

    2. Is this the river _____I can swim？

    A. which   B. in which   C. that   D. the one

    3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

  A. where   B. which   C. that   D. it

    4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？

  A. that you bought    B. you bought it

  C. that you bought it   D. which you bought it

    5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

    A. which agrees   B. who agree

    C. who agrees   D. which agree

        参考答案：

    I.1-5BBCAC