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[英语] 自学新概念英语第二册笔记 Lessons 18

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发表于 2012-8-20 20:41:32 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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  课文详注 Further notes on the text
  1.After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag. 我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后,就找我的提包。
  (1)have在have lunch这个词组中是完全动词而不是助动词,因此,像其他完全动词一样,它的过去完成时要加助动词had。
  (cf. 本课语法)
  (2)pub为public house(酒店,酒吧)的缩略形式,在英国英语的口语中较常见:
  Let's go to the pub for a drink.
  咱们去酒店喝杯酒吧。
  (3)look for强调"寻找"这个动作,而不涉及结果:
  I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn't find it.
  我到处寻找我的钥匙,但还是没找到。
  2.I had left it on a chair beside the door…我曾把它放在门边的椅子上……
  leave除了"离去"、"离开"、"出发"的意思,还可以表示"把(人、物)留下"、"遗留"、"丢下"等:
  The dog has left your bag by a tree.
  那狗把你的提包丢在了一棵树旁。
  Have you left anything in the car?
  你有没有把什么东西丢在车里?
  Leave the books on the desk.
  把书放在课桌上。
  3.My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this!我的狗把它弄到花园里去了,他常干这种事!
  he在这里指代的是狗。动物通常用it来代表,即被看成像东西一样。但是,指宠物、家畜或民间故事中的动物时,我们经常也用he,she,who等,即使得它们"人格化"并具有性别。用阴性代词指某个动物或东西时尤其有一种亲切的含义:
  I have a little cat. She drinks milk every morning.
  我有一只小猫。她每天早上喝牛奶。
  George's parrot, Henry, can speak a few words. He always calls when there are lights.
  乔治的鹦鹉亨利能说几个单词。只要有灯光他就叫。
  语法 Grammar in use
  完全动词have
  (1)动词have有两种用法。一是作为助动词构成各种完成时(包括过去、现在、将来)和完成进行时:
  I haven't seen him this morning.
  我今天上午没见过他。
  When I rang, Tim had already left.
  我打电话的时候,蒂姆已经走了。
  (2)have还可以作完全动词。当它作"具有"、"拥有"讲时,它和have got通常可以互换。在英国英语中,疑问句和否定句中
  have(具有)的用法与be相同,即可以不用助动词do(或did)。
  I haven't got any pencils.
  我没有铅笔。
  在美国英语中,常用do,did等与have一起构成疑问句和否定句:
  这种形式在英国英语中现在也常见了。
  have作"具有"、"拥有"讲时是状态动词,不能用于进行时态或被动语态。它通常用于一般现在时:
  You can have these apples if you want them. I've got a lot more.
  如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有许多。
  He has(got) a Ford.
  他有一辆福特牌汽车。
  在其他时态中,一般用have而不用 have got:
  He had a Ford last year.
  去年他有过一辆福特牌汽车。
  I have had this car for three years.
  这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
  Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.
  上星期吉米得了重感冒。
  (3)have 作完全动词时,还可以表示eat,drink,enjoy,take等意思,这时它是行为动词,可以用于包括进行时的各种时态:
  Have a cigarette, Sam.
  萨姆,请抽烟。
  We will have dinner at seven o'clock.
  我们将于7点开饭。
  Sam and I had lunch together today.
  我和萨姆今天一起吃的午饭。
  I'm having a drink.
  我正在喝点东西。
  当have用于表示这些含义时,它必须与do和did等连用以构成疑问句和否定句:
  词汇学习 Word study
  1.beside与besides
  介词beside常用的含义为"在……旁边"、"在……附近":
  Come and sit beside us.
  过来坐在我们旁边吧。
  There is a chair beside the door.
  门旁边有一把椅子。
  besides的词形与beside很相似,但意义却相差甚远。besides作副词时表示"而且"、"并且"、"此外"等意思:
  She has so much else to do besides.
  此外,她还有许多其他事要做。
  I'm quite busy today. Besides, I've got a bad cold.
  我今天很忙,而且我还感冒得厉害。
  besides还可以作介词,表示"除……之外(还)":
  There were a lot of people at the party besides us.
  除了我们以外,晚会上还有许多(其他)人。
  2.give的几个固定搭配
  及物动词give常用的含义是"给予"、"交给":
  Give me some water, please.
  请给我一些水。
  I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.
  我上个月曾借给他一些书。他今天上午都还给我了。可以看出,give与back连用时,它的意义并没有发生太大的变化。但是,当它与其他副词连用时,意义往往会有变化,有时变化非常大:
  He gave away all his books to the library.
  他把所有的书都赠给了这家图书馆。(give away:赠送)
  Give in your examination papers after you've finished.
  考卷做好后就交上来。(give in:上交,呈交)
  You can do what you like. I will never give in.
  你想干什么就干什么。我决不屈服。(give in:屈服,让步)
  He gave up drinking a few years ago.
  他几年前戒酒了。(give up:放弃,抛弃)
  Jack has given up the watch he stole last week.
  杰克把他上星期偷的表交了出来。(give up:交出,让出)
  练习答案 Key to written exercises
  1.关键句型练习答案
  A 1 I looked for my bag after I had had lunch at a village pub.
  2 I had left my bag on a chair beside the door.
  3 The landlord asked me:'Did you have a good meal?'
  4 I answered:'I can't pay the bill because I haven't got my bag.'
  5 The dog had taken the bag into the garden.
  C Sentences 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11
  2.难点练习答案
  A 1 back  2 away  3 in  4 in
  B 1 Besides  2  beside
  3.多项选择题答案
  1b  2d  3b  4d  5b  6c
  7d  8c  9a  10c  11c  12b
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