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  adj.表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用   adv. 表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子   一、形容词、副词的比较级   1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。   句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B   2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B   注意:not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如   eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.   2)You don’t eat so much as I.   3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one   = This book is ___ ________ _____ that one   2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)   1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。   2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。   3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。  
   4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?   3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)   ( 注意:of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )   eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.   2)He runs fastest in our class.   3)He is the tallest of the three boys.   4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?   4.形、副比较等级的其他用法   1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”   eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒   (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)   eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮   2) “the比较级,the比较级” “越……,越……”   eg. the more, the better 多多益善   _________ you are, _______ you will get.   3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”   eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.   2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________   4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”   eg. He’s a head taller than me.   My brother is two years older than me   5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”   eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。   6)区别older / elder与farther / further   older(年龄较老的)   elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)   eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.   farther (指距离“较远的”)   further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)   eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.   2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.  
   二、形、副比较等级还应注意   1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”   eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿   2)much more 多得多   3)even heavier更重   但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。   2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones   eg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.   2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.   3.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)   eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错:________________   A、规则变化   ①一般在词尾加er或est   ②以e结尾的只加r或st   ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est   ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est   5.多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级   6、不规则变化   原级比较级最高级   good/wellbetterbest   many/muchmoremost   bad/ill/badlyworseworst   littlelessleast   oldolder/elderoldest/eldest   farfarther   furtherfarthest   4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。   eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________   5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语,如:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).   三、注意:副词的种类、用法及位置   1.副词的种类   (1)时间副词   ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf   ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never   ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally   (2)地点副词   ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere   ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along  
  (3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly   (4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly   (5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why   (6)连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why   (7)关系副词 引导定语从句:when,where,why   (8)其它性质的副词 对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。  
   
  
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